Bacteria reproduction or recombination long question answer in botany department

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BACTERIA  CELL  RECOBINATION

- Bacteria is a prokaryotic cells and unicellular.

- Bacteria is a single celled organism , visible only through a microscope.

- Bacteria lack a true nucleous.

- Bacteria belongs to kingdom monera , present every where ( air,water , soil) etc.

STRUCTURE

-The size of bacteria is 1 Mium – 5 Mium in length.

- The shape of the bacteria is 4 types.

1. COCOUS

- It is a sperical and unicellular.

- Bacteria arrenged may be in chain or group.

EX- Diplococous and Tetracocous  etc.

2. BACILLUS

-It is a rod shaped.

EX- Bacillus, Diplobaciluus and streptobacillus.

3.COMMA 

- Shape ( which are little ) beat curved one end.

4. SPIRILLUM  

- sprilling shape.

FLAGELLA

-It is a long filamentous structure locoted just inside the cell wall.

- Flagella divided 3 parts.

a. Main fillament – is  made up of protins called flagellin.

b. Hook - is the structure which penetrate the cell wall.

c. Basal grannulls – it consist of a 4 rings.

EX- M , S, P and L rings.


THE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION  OR RECOBINATION

-Thair is 3 types,

A. CONJUGATION

- The two bacteria cells come together and transfer a genetic materia in between them.

- One cell is doner cell (F+), give up DNA and another cell is recipients cell (F-) , receive the DNA.

- The two bacteria connected between them by sex-pillus the donor and recipient during the transfer.

- F plasmid transfermed a it self copy to the recipient through the chamber this chamber is called as conjugation tube.

- Conjugation occurs only between bacteria in same species.

B. TRANSFORMATION

- In transformation , transformation of DNA is conjugation tube by donor cell to recipient cell.

- The conjugation tube is destroy by environment facter .

- The some part of flagment is transformed in recipient cell.

- The some flagment attached with bacteria chomosome.

- This type of bacteria is called hfr (high frequency  recombination).

C. TRASDUCTION

- In trasduction , bacteria viruses (bacteriophagas) trasfor DNA fragmwnts for one bacteria (donor) to another bacteria (recipient).

- A phage infects host of bacteria and host DNA  broken down into fragments.

- Broken down in bacteria cell and phage are released.

- And phage infects another bacteria host (recipient).

- Recombinatoin between injected DNA and host.

- This chomosome bacteria is called as bacteriaum transduced.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

-The economic importance iof bacteria is 2 types,

A. Benificial effects of bacteria
a. ROLE IN  AGRICULTURE

1. Scavenging role

2. Nitrification

3. Production of organic manure

4. Preparation of Ensilage.

5. Production of fule

6. Disposal of sewage

b. ROLE IN INDUSTRY

1. Dairy industry

2. Production of organic compounds

3. Production of antibiotics

4. Production of vitamins

HEARMFUL  EFFECTS  OF BACTERIA

a. Food spoling

b. Food poisoning

c. Damaging of domestic articles

d. Couses of disesases

 

*                Prof.- Dr ramakant pradhan 
best of luck for your exam , you study and ask u doubt or other wise dout in other long question in biology ask me in comment box .ok  student by . 



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