Respiration in arthropods for +3 students and graduation students in biology paper.

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          RESPIRATION  IN  ARTHROPODS                             

prof-Dr ramakant..

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Respiration involves in the exchange of gasses between body and environment.

-These are 2 type of respiration
1. AQUATIC          2. AERIAL
A.AQUATIC RESPIRATION
-The organ associated with aquatic respiration are,
a. Gills or branchiae
-Gills are the respiratory organ in aquatic animal.
·       LOCOMOTION
-Gills are situated inside the gill chamber and gills chamber located inside the thorax.
·       STRUCTURE


-Gills is crescent (Rounded shape) shape.
-It consist of central axis  2 or more than lamella.
- Gills are differentiated into 3 different type an presence of lamella.
b. Phyllobranchiate gill
- The lamellae are flat broad leaf-like and arranged in 2 rows.
EX- Palaemon
C.Tricho branchiate gill
-The gills are tubular shaped.
-The gills fillament arrenged in 3 side.
EX- Astacus
d.Dendrobranchiate gill
-This type of gills are leaf-like lamellae are divided many fine branched filaments called gill fillament.
EX- Penaeus
e.Epipodites
-These are small highly vascular leaf like membranous out growths of integument on outer side of coxa in first three thorasic segment.
- The exchange gasses between blood and water.
f. Branchiostegites
-The gill-chambar is covered by lateral extension of carapace (outer covering) , called gill cover or Branchistegites.
-The exchange gasses between blood and water.
g. Rectal gills
-They are located inner surface of the bears gills , these gills called rectal gills.
h. Book gills
-These are book likegills.
-Each gill contains nearly 150 lamellae.
-The most specialised gills are seen in xiphosurids.
i.Tracheal gills
-These are out grouth of body wall fingershape.
-many insects or fly 7 pair of leaf like tracheal gills on the side of obdomen.
j.Blood gills
-These are gills of insect larva supplied with blood vessels not with trachea then it called blood gills.

k.Body surface
-Many arthorpodas are respiration by general body surface of diffusion it occurs in smoth body surface.

MECHANISM   OF RESPIRATION
·       -In most crustaceaus (hard covering animal) the gills are not coovering within a  special gill chamber;
·       But in decapods (10 lags animal) gills are coverd special chamber.
·       -The water enter through one end and after bathing the gills, water passes out through another direction.
·       Exchange of gasses takes takes place between H2O and Blood.
 B. AERIAL RESPIRATION
-Aerial respiration occurs in terestial arthorpodas.
-This type of arthorpodas utilised O2 gas present in air.
1.Tracheal system
- It is found in insects.
- Tracheal system are two types,
a. Ventilation trachea
b. Diffused trachea
   a. Ventilation trachea : Oval in shape and collapses after the exhalation of air.
   b. diffused trachea :Rigid and dose not collapse after the exhalation.


MECHANISM IN TRACHEAL RESPIRATION
-The enviroment air is drow inside the body by force at tracheal system.
-The air enyers the tracheal system and O2 gasses diffiuse into the tissue and relesed CO2 gas.
2. LUNGS
-In the crustacea (outer covering) , the upper parts of the gill chamber is separated from the rest.
-And from a closed chamber within which vascular tafts(cillia like stracture) and perform aerial respiration.
3. BOOK-LUNGS
- The book-lungs are best seen in spider and scoropionids.
- The cavity of book lungs are lined by cuticle, formed neumorus folds called lamelli.
-It open out side by a oblique called stigmata.
-Book lungs are hollow ,containg blood and slit(opening) like opening into a small chamber called atrial chamber.
-Each atrial chamber open into polumunar chamber.
-Each book-lung communiceates to the exterior by a stigma.




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